12th Century

The Almohad Caliphate 'those who profess the unity of God’ was a North African Berber Muslim empire founded in the 12th century. At its height, it controlled much of the Iberian Peninsula in modern day Spain and Portugal (Al Andalus) and North Africa (modern day Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tunisia - the Maghreb).
The turning point of their presence in the Iberian Peninsula came in 1212, when Muhammad III, "al-Nasir" (1199–1214) was defeated at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in the Sierra Morena by an alliance of the Christian forces from Castile, Aragon and Navarre. Much of the remaining territories of al-Andalus were lost in the ensuing decades, with the cities of Córdoba and Seville falling to the Christians during the ‘Reconquista’ in 1236 and 1248 respectively.